The S30 (F1C) 3.0-litre, 4-cylinder, 16-valve Bifuel Turbo engine (CNG/gasoline), which has now entered production, is based on a combination of spark ignition stoichiometric CNG engine technology with supercharging and the bifuel concept, which enables the vehicles to operate on gasoline as backup in the event that CNG refuelling is not readily accessible. The existing CNG engine was optimised to achieve performance comparable to some diesel versions (100 kW and maximum torque of 350 Nm at 1500 rpm) and to reduce fuel consumption and emissions, particularly of NOx and CO2. The S30 Bifuel Turbo engine has not only bridged the performance and reliability gap that separated heavy duty CNG engines from their heavy duty diesel counterparts, it has also demonstrated a clear advantage in terms of emissions without significant increases in costs. In road tests, running costs were shown to be 30%-40% lower than for an equivalent diesel. Work carried out by C.R.F. (Orbassano and Foggia) during 2009 enabled production on versions of the S30 Bifuel Turbo engine for application on the Ducato and the Daily to be launched and also led to making the engine compatible for use with biomethane, as well as CNG/hydrogen blends (up to 30% hydrogen by volume) for the subsequent launch of pilot fleets already planned for Italy.