C.R.F. continued the “Green Factories” project whose objective is to develop models for analysing and optimising the energy efficiency of production processes. An analysis was conducted on the following plants: Automotive Lighting Italia (Venaria), Fiat Group Automobiles Mirafiori (Turin) and FPT Powertrain Technologies (New Engine Family Iveco, NEF, Turin). At each site, concrete opportunities were identified to reduced energy consumed by production processes through, for example, optimised control of machine operating cycles and the most appropriate tooling (in the case of NEF). The issue was also addressed through the European Next project, which saw development of the first models and instruments for predicting energy consumption of machinery and the environmental impact throughout their life cycle. Measures to improve existing processes were accompanied by a study of new processes as alternatives to those with the highest levels of energy consumption, such as painting. In this area, C.R.F. is a participant in the European MUST project, which aims to decrease energy consumption by reducing painting cycles through the use of special primer treatment or cataphoresis with nano-additives.